On the phylogenetic position of insects in the Pancrustacea clade |
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Authors: | V V Aleshin K V Mikhailov A V Konstantinova M A Nikitin L Yu Rusin D A Buinova O S Kedrova N B Petrov |
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Institution: | (1) National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 20894 Bethesda, MD, USA;(2) Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, 75390-9050 Dallas, TX, USA |
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Abstract: | The current views on the phylogeny of arthropods are at odds with the traditional system, which recognizes four independent
arthropod classes: Chelicerata, Crustacea, Myriapoda, and Insecta. There is compelling evidence that insects comprise a monophyletic
lineage with Crustacea within a larger clade named Pancrustacea, or Tetraconata. However, which crustacean group is the closest
living relative of insects is still an open question. In recent phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of large gene
sequence data insects are placed together with primitive crustaceans, the Branchiopoda. This topology is often suspected to
be a result of the long branch attraction artifact. We analyzed concatenated data on 77 ribosomal proteins, elongation factor
1A (EF1A), initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), and several other nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. Analyses of nuclear genes confirm
the monophyly of Hexapoda, the clade uniting entognath and ectognath insects. The hypothesis of the monophyly of Hexapoda
and Branchiopoda is supported in the majority of analyses. The Maxillopoda, another clade of Entomostraca, occupies a sister
position to the Hexapoda + Branchiopoda group. Higher crustaceans, the Malacostraca, in most analyses appear a more basal
lineage within the Pancrustacea. We report molecular synapomorphies in low homoplastic regions, which support the clade Hexapoda
+ Branchiopoda + Maxillopoda and the monophyletic Malacostraca including Phyllocarida. Thus, the common origin of Hexapoda
and Branchiopoda and their position within Entomostraca are suggested to represent bona fide phylogenetic relationships rather
than computational artifacts. |
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