小家鼠的遗传与进化研究进展

小家鼠作为重要的模式生物，近20年来对其遗传与进化领域的研究取得很大进展，通过现代遗传学的各种遗传标记（蛋白质电泳，mtDNA,rDNA,Y染色体等），不仅更深入地探讨了共栖小家鼠间的遗传差异和系统关系以及与野生种的关系；进而还对小家鼠的分类系统进行了修正，提出小家鼠种组（species complex)由domesticus,musculus,castaneus 和bactrianus 4个共栖种以及spicilegus,macedonicus和spretus3个野生种组成；并且进一步阐明了小家鼠的起源和进化问题，目前主要有离心模型和顺序模型2种起源假说，然而对中国小家鼠的遗传分化，亚种分类尚缺乏系统的研究。

The Genetics and Evolution of the House Mice

House mice are important model organisms widely used in biological and medical research. Great progress has been made in the studies of genetics and evolution of the house mice in the past two decades. Genetic relationship and differentiation among different species and populations are more clearly revealed through biochemical and molecular studies. Taxomomy of the house mice has also been amended. It is now commonly accepted that the house mice ( Mus musculus species complex) consisting of three or four commensal species ( i e ,M domesticus,M musculus,M casta neus and M bactrianus ) and three aboriginal species( i e ,M spicilegus,M macedonicus and M spretus ). There have been two model hypothesis proposed to account for the origin and radiation of the house mice,one is the centrifugal model and the other is the sequential model. However,with regards to the genetics differentiation and subspecies classification of chinese house mice,no comprehensive studies have been done.