Susceptibility of the taro beetle, Papuana uninodis (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) to two new Bacillus popilliae isolates from Papuana spp

Two morphological types of Bacillus popilliae, causal agent of the milky disease, have been isolated from taro beetles (Papuana spp, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). B. popilliae from P. woodlarkiana woodlarkiana (Papua New Guinea) was a type A1 with a small sporangium (4.1 x 1.6 microm) and a large spore (2.1 x 1.4 microm) and parasporal body (1.8 x 1.2 microm) that sometimes overlap. B. popilliae from P. uninodis and P. woodlarkiana laevipennis (Solomon Islands) was a type B2 with a small sporangium (2.8 x 1.3 microm), a small eccentric spore (1.1 x 0.7 microm), and no parasporal body. The infectivity of these B. popilliae to Papuana uninodis larvae was compared with two B. popilliae samples from Popillia japonica in injection tests. The hemolymph of P. uninodis supported the germination and growth of isolates from Papuana and P. japonica. Results were similar in third instars and adults. Highest infection (spores present) and mortality was caused by the isolates from Papuana: mortality reached almost 100% 4 weeks after injection of the B2 type B. popilliae with 40% of larvae and 52% of adults infected. Injection of type A1 caused lower mortality but a similar percentage infected. Of two A1 B. popilliae from P. japonica, one caused a mortality comparable to type A1 from Papuana but lower infection; an older isolate resulted in low mortality and only one infected larva. B. popilliae type A1 from P. woodlarkiana was produced in the Solomon Islands by injection of spores in P. uninodis. Thirty four percent of the injected larvae and 31% of the adults produced spores with an average yield of 3.2 and 0.8 x 10(9) spores/insect, respectively. Oral application of a single dose of 10(7) spores of the B. popilliae isolates from P. uninodis or P. japonica did not cause infection and similarly inoculation of the food with spores of B. popilliae type B2 did not result in infections. However, when different rates were applied to the food of second- and third-instar P. uninodis, the B. popilliae type A1 from P. woodlarkiana caused up to 15% infection and concentration-related mortality.