大气氮沉降的基本特征与监测方法

大气氮沉降主要以干湿沉降两种形式将有机和无机形态的氮带入生态系统,是氮素生物地球化学循环的重要环节之一.近年来人类活动的加强,使得大量活性氮素进入大气，高排放量导致氮沉降通量急剧上升,引起一系列的环境风险,因此,对大气氮沉降的研究也越来越受到关注.本文总结了大气氮沉降的组分、过程、时空变异及生态效应,归纳了目前采用的干湿沉降的监测手段、临界负荷计算方法及污染物来源解析方法等,展望了氮沉降研究的发展趋势.

Basic features and monitoring methodologies of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.

Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, including dry and wet deposition, is an important inorganic and organic N source for ecosystems, and also a key link of the N biogeochemical cycle. Recently, considerable active nitrogen has been emitted into the atmosphere due to enhanced human activities. High N emission leads to high deposition which has caused a series of environment risks, and more attentions have been focused on this issue. This article gave an overview of the basic content about the present N deposition research, such as the component, process, spatial and temporal variation, as well as ecological effect. Then the sampling methods of wet and dry deposition in the field, analysis methods in laboratory and primary techniques of N source identification were summarized. The N deposition research trend in the future was emphasized.