Removal of nonionic surfactants from wastewater using a constructed wetland |
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Authors: | Síma Jan Holcová Veronika |
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Institution: | 1. Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Brani?ovská 31, CZ‐37005 ?eské Budějovice, (phone: +420‐387772223;2. fax: +420‐385310366);3. Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Brani?ovská 31, CZ‐37005 ?eské Budějovice |
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Abstract: | Removal of nonionic surfactants from municipal wastewater using a constructed wetland with a horizontal subsurface flow was studied in 2009 and 2010. Extraction spectrophotometry with 3′,3″,5′,5″‐tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester and KCl served to determine the analyte concentrations. Triton® X‐100 was used as a standard to express the nonionic‐surfactant concentrations. Anionic and cationic surfactants were shown not to interfere during the determination. Nonionic surfactants were degraded (to products undeterminable by the method) with a high average efficiency that reached 98.1% in 2009 and 99.1% in 2010, respectively. The average concentration of nonionic surfactants at the inflow was 0.978 mg/l, while it was close to the limit of quantification at the outflow (0.014 mg/l). A significant fraction of nonionic surfactants (38.7%) was already degraded during the pretreatment, and only 14.0% of the nonionic surfactants remained in the interstitial H2O taken in the vegetation bed at a distance of 1 m from the inflow zone at a 50‐cm depth. Nonionic surfactants were degraded both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. |
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Keywords: | Surfactants Wastewater treatment Constructed wetland Extraction spectrophotometry |
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