The dazzling array of basal branches in the mtDNA macrohaplogroup M from India as inferred from complete genomes |
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| Authors: | Sun Chang Kong Qing-Peng Palanichamy Malliya Gounder Agrawal Suraksha Bandelt Hans-Jürgen Yao Yong-Gang Khan Faisal Zhu Chun-Ling Chaudhuri Tapas Kumar Zhang Ya-Ping |
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| Institution: | * Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China;  Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, China;  Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;  Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India; || Department of Mathematics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; and ¶ Department of Zoology, North Bengal University, Siliguri West Bengal, India |
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| Abstract: | Many efforts based on complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomeshave been made to depict the global mtDNA landscape, but thephylogeny of Indian macrohaplogroup M has not yet been resolvedin detail. To fill this lacuna, we took the same strategy asin our recent analysis of Indian mtDNA macrohaplogroup N andselected 56 mtDNAs from over 1,200 samples across India forcomplete sequencing, with the intention to cover all Indianautochthonous M lineages. As a result, the phylogenetic statusof previously identified haplogroups based on control-regionand/or partial coding-region information, such as M2, M3, M4,M5, M6, M30, and M33, was solidified or redefined here. Moreover,seven novel basal M haplogroups (viz., M34–M40) were identified,and yet another five singular branches of the M phylogeny werediscovered in the present study. The comparison of matrilinealcomponents among India, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceaniaat the deepest level yielded a star-like and nonoverlappingpattern, reflecting a rapid mode of modern human dispersal alongthe Asian coast after the initial "out-of-Africa" event. |
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| Keywords: | mitochondrial DNA India haplogroup M complete sequence phylogeny |
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