中国14个民族红细胞血型座位的遗传分化

根据中国13个人口逾百万的民族及台湾高山族的红细胞血型座位的基因频率,分析了各血型系统的分化程度。结果表明,中国人群在MNSs系统上的分化十分显著。对各民族间的亲缘关系分析表明,汉族、朝鲜族、蒙古族、回族,满族和藏族等北方民族首先聚集在一起,侗族、高山族、壮族和彝族等聚集在一起,然后白族与南北两大人集聚集在一起,最后才是维吾尔族与其它人群相聚。本文以华北汉族作为蒙古人种的代表,探讨了世界上三大人种间的遗传关系,结果表明,黄种人与黑种人之间的遗传差异最小,而黑种人与白种人之间的遗传差异最大。根据基因分化系数(G_(ST))和Shannon信息测度(H),中国民族间的遗传差异均仅占中国人总遗传变异量的2％左右,这说明,绝大部分遗传变异存在于各民族之内。

Genetic Differentiation of Red Cell Blood Groups in Fourteen Populations of China

Genetic differentiation among ethnic groups of China is analysed and discussed on the basis of gene frequency data of red cell blood grousp. The degree of differentiation, measured by FST analysis of Wright, shows that the MNSs system has much higher FST values than those of ABO system. This result is quite different from that calculated by Cavalli-Sforza (1966) on a worldwide basis. Generally speaking, the Rhesus, Lewis and MNSs systems are more useful in anthrological and human genetic studies on Chinese populations for they have a great variation. The genetic difference within and between 12 ethnic groups, namely, Han, Hui, Mongolian, Uygur, Zhuang, Yi, Korean, Manzu, Bai, Tibetan, Dong and Gaoshan, are also analysed. On the basis of gene frequencies of 15 blood group loci which are all polymorphic at least in one of 12 above-mentioned ethnic groups, the net coden difference between populations is calculated by method of Nei and Roychoudhury (1974), and phylogenetic dendrograms are constructed on-the basis of net coden differences. Results obtained with the method of gene differentiation coefficient of Nei (1973) and that of Shannon information measure of Lewontin (1972), indicate that the genetic difference between ethnic groups of China accounts for only about 2% of the total genetic variation and is much smaller than that within ethnic groups. Genetic difference between three races of human being is also dicussed by taking the Han living in northern China as typical Mongoloids. On the basis of analysis of gene frequency data of 15 blood group loci, it is concluded that Mongoloids are genetically closer to black people than to white people.