蛋白质翻译后修饰研究进展

蛋白质是执行细胞功能的基本功能单元,其表达受基因组和表观遗传学的调控。通常,蛋白质在表达以后还需要经过不同程度的修饰才能发挥所需要的功能。这种翻译后修饰过程受到一系列修饰酶和去修饰酶的严格调控,使得在某一瞬间细胞中蛋白质表现出某种稳定或动态的特定功能。最新的研究表明,真核细胞中存在着各种各样的蛋白质修饰过程,其中大约70%目前还无法解释。有理由认为,这种经过了特定修饰的蛋白质,更客观地反映了细胞的各种生理以及病理过程。因此,除了基因组所编码的＂裸＂蛋白质组的表达以外,更需要对经过翻译后修饰的蛋白质及蛋白质组的调控过程进行深入的研究。该文对常见翻译后修饰以及研究方法进行了综述。

Progress on Post-translational Modification of Proteins

Although protein expression is regulated through genetics and epi-genetics, its function is determined by many factors, of which post-translational modification （PTM） is particularly important. Protein modifications are precisely regulated through a variety of modifiers and de-modifiers, most of which are yet to be defined. Most physiological or pathological processes are usually regulated through typical but complex and dynamic PTM patterns and networks. Reasonably, proteome of PTM is more precise to describe the physiological or pathological processes of cells at the molecular level to clarify protein functions and easy to find out biomarkers and molecule targets for disease diagnosis and drug development. Here we reviewed some common types of modifications of proteins and methods in PTM research.