Survival in treated hypertension: follow up study after two decades |
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| Authors: | Ove K Andersson Torbj?rn Almgren Bengt Persson Ola Samuelsson Thomas Hedner Lars Wilhelmsen |
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| Affiliation: | aDepartment of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden, bDepartment of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, cDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, dInstitute of Heart and Lung Diseases, Section of Preventive Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital |
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| Abstract: | Objective: To compare survival and cause specific mortality in hypertensive men with non-hypertensive men derived from the same random population, and to study mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases in the hypertensive men in relation to effects on cardiovascular risk factors during 22-23 years of follow up. Design: Prospective, population based observational study. Subjects and methods: 686 hypertensive men aged 47-55 at screening compared with 6810 non-hypertensive men. The hypertensive men were having stepped care treatment with either β adrenergic blocking drugs, thiazide diuretics, or combination treatment. Mortality, morbidity, and adverse effects were registered at yearly examinations and from death certificates. Main outcome measures: All cause mortality and cause specific mortality. Results: Treated hypertensive men had significantly impaired probability of total survival as well as survival from coronary heart disease and stroke. All cause mortality as well as coronary heart disease and stroke mortality were very similar in hypertensive men and normotensive men during the first decade, but increased steadily thereafter despite continuous good blood pressure control. Smoking, signs of target organ damage, and high serum cholesterol levels, but not blood pressure at screening, were significantly related to the incidence of coronary heart disease during follow up. In time dependent Cox’s regression analysis, the incidence of coronary heart disease was significantly related only to serum cholesterol concentrations in the study. Cancer mortality was almost similar in treated hypertensive men (61/686, 8.9%) and non-hypertensive men (732/6810, 10.8%). Conclusion: Treated hypertensive men had impaired survival and increased mortality from cardiovascular disease compared with non-hypertensive men of similar age. These differences were observed during the second decade of follow up. During an observation period of 22-23 years—about 15 000 patient years—hypertensive men receiving diuretics and β blockers had no increased risk of cancer or non-cardiovascular disease. Key messages - Hypertension is a prevalent (10-20%) and important risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
- In controlled trials over 3-5 years drug treatment for hypertension prevents these complications, but little is known about long term prognosis
- During 20-22 years treated hypertensive men had a significantly increased mortality, especially from coronary heart disease, compared with non-hypertensive men from the same population
- The high incidence of myocardial infarction was related to organ damage, smoking, and cholesterol at the time of entry to the study, and to achieved serum cholesterol concentrations during follow up
- The poor prognosis for mortality from coronary heart disease is dependent upon strict monitoring of serum cholesterol concentrations
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