Clinical Perspectives to Overcome Acquired Resistance to Anti–Programmed Death-1 and Anti–Programmed Death Ligand-1 Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
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| Authors: | Yong Jun Lee Jii Bum Lee Sang-Jun Ha Hye Ryun Kim |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea ; 2.Division of Hemato-Oncology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea ; 3.Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea |
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| Abstract: | Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the paradigm of treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have gained wide attention for their application, which has been shown to result in prolonged survival. Nevertheless, only a limited subset of patients show partial or complete response to PD-1 therapy, and patients who show a response eventually develop resistance to immunotherapy. This article aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy from the perspective of tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. In addition, we address the potential therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials, focusing mainly on NSCLC. |
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| Keywords: | acquired resistance immune checkpoint inhibitors non-small cell lung cancer programmed death-1 programmed death ligand-1 |
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