Removal of wastewater pathogen indicators in a constructed wetland in Leon, Spain |
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Authors: | Patricia Molleda Ivan Blanco Gemma Ansola Estanislao de Luis |
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Institution: | aEnvironmental Research Institute, University of Leon, C/La Serna 58, 24071 León, Spain;bEcology Section, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain |
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Abstract: | This paper studies the seasonal presence and removal of the pathogenous micro-organisms Escherichia coli, total coliforms (TC), Clostridium perfringens (Cp), faecal streptococci (FS), Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts and helminth eggs, in a constructed wetland treatment system. The removal efficiency of this system with respect to the indicator micro-organisms achieved maximum values in spring and autumn at 99.9% for E. coli and TC, respectively, in winter at 97.0% for FS, in summer at 100% for Clostridium and throughout the year, also at 100%, in the case of Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts and helminth eggs. In general, very low protozoan and helminth egg counts were found, and the system demonstrated efficient reduction of the wastewater indicator pathogens. |
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Keywords: | Coliforms Clostridium Trichostrongilus Giardia Cryptosporidium E coli Wastewater |
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