tiRNAs: A novel class of small noncoding RNAs that helps cells respond to stressors and plays roles in cancer progression |
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| Authors: | En-Wei Tao Wing Yin Cheng Wei-Lin Li Jun Yu Qin-Yan Gao |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;2. Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China |
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| Abstract: | tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs), important components of tRNA-derived fragments, are gaining popularity for their functions as small noncoding RNAs involved in cancer progression. Under cellular stress, tiRNAs are generated when mature tRNA is specifically cleaved by angiogenin and suggested to act as transducers or effectors involved in cellular stress responses. tiRNAs facilitate cells to respond to stresses mainly via reprogramming translation, inhibiting apoptosis, degrading mRNA, and generating stress granules. This review introduces the cellular biogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and biological roles of tiRNAs in stress response and disease regulation. A better understanding of their roles in regulating cancer may provide novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for diagnosis and treatment. |
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| Keywords: | apoptosis cancer stress response tiRNAs translational reprogramming |
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