Distribution of genetic variability in southern populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the Alps to the Apennines |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milan, Italy;2. Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy;3. Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, I-40126 Bologna, Italy;1. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Forestry Research Centre (CRA-SEL), Viale S. Margherita 80, 52100 Arezzo, Italy;2. Università Politecnica delle Marche, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Via Brecce bianche, 60121 Ancona, Italy;1. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;2. İstanbul University, Institute of Science, Department of Biology, PK 34134, Vezneciler, Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey;3. Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente (DISPAA), Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144, Florence, Italy;1. Institute for Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IMCES SB RAS), Tomsk, Russia;2. Institute of Water Problems, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IWEP SB RAS), Tomsk, Russia;3. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC;4. School of Geographical Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China |
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| Abstract: | Alpine and Northern Apennine populations of Pinus sylvestris collected from eight different Italian sites were analyzed by mitochondrial nadI intron and InterSimple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers, in order to describe the natural level of genetic variability and to clarify their genetic relationships. The small Northern Apennine populations are the southernmost populations of this conifer in Italy. All the analyzed populations were spontaneous and reforested areas were excluded. The analysis of the polymorphisms in the nad 1 intron sequence confirmed that the Italian P. sylvestris populations have the same mitotype (mitotype a) as the Central European ones. In the genomic ISSR analysis the proportion of shared alleles between the individuals showed the highest degree of differentiation between French and Italian populations and a divergence between the Alpine and Apennine populations. Alpine populations showed a higher genetic variability (GD 0.310±0.0252) than Apennine samples (GD 0.217±0.019). In addition, the individuals from the Apennines did not show a clear population structure, suggesting a common genetic constitution of Apennine P. sylvestris. It is likely that this constitution is the result of a progressive genetic isolation between the Alpine and the Northern Apennine populations from the early Holocene. The genetic constitution of the Northern Apennine populations suggests the opportunity of a management where in situ conservation of such small populations could be coupled to their use as sources of suitable local reforesting materials. |
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