大兴安岭呼中森林景观的空间点格局分析

基于呼中林业局林相图,采用点格局方法,分析了森林景观的空间格局及各景观间的关联性。结果表明:针叶林在0～25km尺度范围内呈聚集分布;阔叶林在0～14km为聚集分布,在14～25km为随机分布;灌木林在0～10km为聚集分布,在10～25km为随机分布;草甸在0～15km为聚集分布,在15～25km为随机分布。针叶林与灌木林在4.5～25km、阔叶林与草甸在12～24km尺度范围内无关联性;针叶林与阔叶林、针叶林与草甸、阔叶林与灌木林、灌木林与草甸在0～25km尺度范围内均存在空间关联性。这种分布格局对大兴安岭林区森林的可持续经营具有重要的指导意义,小范围内的植被恢复可以采用集中连片的造林方式,而大范围内则可以根据立地条件类型采取随机造林模式。

Spatial point pattern analysis on forest landscapes in Huzhong of Great Xing'an Mountains, Northeast China

Based on the forest map of Huzhong Forestry Bureau and by the method of point pattern analysis,this paper analyzed the spatial patterns of forest landscapes and the associations among different forest landscape types in Huzhong of the Great Xing’an Mountains.In the study area,coniferous forest had an aggregated distribution at 0-25 km scale,broadleaved forest distributed aggregately at 0-14 km scale and randomly at 14-25 km scale,shrub showed an aggregated distribution at 0-10 km scale and a random distribution at 10-25 km scale,whereas meadow distributed aggregately at 0-15 km scale and randomly at 15-25 km scale.No associations were observed between coniferous forest and shrub at 4.5-25 km scale,and between broadleaved forest and meadow at 12-24 km scale.Spatial associations existed between coniferous and broadleaved forests,coniferous forest and meadow,broadleaved forest and shrub,and shrub and meadow at 0-25 km scale.These distribution patterns had significant instructive implications for the sustainable management of forest landscapes in the Great Xing’an Mountains.At small scales,vegetation recovery could be implemented by aggregated forestation;at large scale,random reforestation could be taken according to the site conditions.