Hexavalent chromium-reducing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria are utilized to bio-fortify trivalent chromium in fenugreek by promoting plant development and decreasing the toxicity of hexavalent chromium in the soil |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbial Technology Division, CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India;2. Crop Improvement and Biotechnology Division, ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow 226101, India;3. Crop Production Division, ICAR, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow 226101, India;4. Biological Central Facility, CSIR, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India;5. Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653 Beer-Sheva, Israel;1. Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P.O. Box, 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;1. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Buenos Aires, Argentina, M. T. de Alvear 2142, 2° A, C1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Becario de Investigación de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Estomatología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, M. T. de Alvear 2142, 2° A, C1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, UNSAM Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, B1650HMN Buenos Aires, Argentina;5. CONICET - Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Instituto de Tecnologías Emergentes y Ciencias Aplicadas (ITECA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, UNSAM Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, B1650HMN Buenos Aires, Argentina;6. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Buenos Aires, Argentina, M. T. de Alvear 2142, 2° A, C1122AAH Buenos Aires, Argentina;7. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Health and Life Sciences, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;2. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, School of Medicine, Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;3. Nutrition Thinking® Co., Tecnopuc, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;1. Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway;2. National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. Department of Health Toxicology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University of the People''s Liberation Army, Shanghai 200433, China;2. Department of Marine Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University of the People''s Liberation Army, Shanghai 200433, China;3. School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, China;4. Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University of the People''s Liberation Army, Shanghai 200433, China;1. Shandong University Hospital, Jinan, PR China;2. Department of Physical and Chemical Inspection, School of Public Health of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China;3. Liaocheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Liaocheng, PR China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundFenugreek is known to have good anti-diabetes properties. Moreover, several studies accounted that the trivalent form of chromium Cr(III)] also have anti-diabetic properties. However, its hexavalent form i.e., Cr(VI) is known to be highly toxic and carcinogenic to living beings and retarded plant growth even if it is present in low concentration in soil. Many plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are reported to have the potential to reduce the Cr(VI) into Cr(III) in soil. In view of the above, the present objective was designed to effectively utilize Cr(VI) reducing PGPRs for the growth and development of fenugreek plant in Cr(VI) amended soil, apart from reducing Cr(VI) in soil and fortification of Cr(III) in the aerial part of plants.MethodsThe experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of Cr(VI)-reducing PGPRs viz. Bacillus cereus (SUCR44); Microbacterium sp. (SUCR140); Bacillus thuringiensis (SUCR186) and B. subtilis (SUCR188) on growth, uptake and translocation of Cr as well as other physiological parameters in fenugreek grown under artificially Cr(VI) amended soil (100 mg kg?1 of Cr(VI) in soil).ResultsThe aforementioned concentration of Cr(VI) in soil cause severe reduction in root length (41 %), plant height (43 %), dry root (38 %) and herb biomass (48 %), when compared with control negative (CN; uninoculated plant not grown in Cr(VI) contaminated soil). However, the presence of Microbacterium sp.?SURC140 (MB) mitigates the Cr toxicity resulting in improved root length (92 %), plant height (86 %), dry root (74 %) and herb biomass (99 %) as compared with control positive (CP; uninoculated plants grown in Cr(VI) contaminated soil). The maximum reduction in bioavailability (82 %) of Cr(VI) in soil and its uptake (50 %) by the plant were also observed in MB-treated plants. However, All Cr(VI)-reducing PGPRs failed to decrease the translocation of Cr to the aerial parts. Moreover, the plant treated with MB observed diminution in relative water content (13 %), electrolyte leakage (16%) and lipid peroxidation (38 %) as well as higher chlorophyll (37 %) carotenoids (17 %) contents and antioxidants (18%) potential.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that MB can lower the Cr(VI) toxicity to the plant by reducing the bioavailable Cr(VI), consequently reducing the Cr(VI) toxicity level in soil and helping in improving the growth and yield of fenugreek. Additionally, Cr(III) uptakes and translocation may improve the effectiveness of fenugreek in treating diabetes. |
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| Keywords: | Bioavailability Cr uptake Plant toxicity Plant growth Translocation |
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