粘型小麦雄性不育系减数分裂特征及育性恢复研究

调查了粘型1B／1R和非1B／1R小麦雄性不育系，保持系及其F2的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体联会情况、后期Ⅰ出现落后染色体的细胞频率以及末期Ⅱ含有微核的四分体的频率，结果表明：（1）粘果山羊细胞质对1B／1R型不育系减数分裂染色体配对水平具有特异性降低作用；（2）粘型1B／1R不育系减数分裂中期Ⅰ出现单价体细胞频率与后期Ⅰ出现落后染色体细胞的频率呈正相关，也与含微核的四分体频率呈正相关，而对应保持系则没有相关性；（3）粘果山羊草细胞质对非1B／1R不育系减数分裂过程影响不大，5个1B／1R不育系减数分裂过程中，3个时期染色体行为变异率的差异是特定的1B／1R核型与粘果山羊草细胞质互作的结果；（4）粘型1B／1R不育系杂交R2单株减数分裂3个时期染色体行为变异率与其恢复度成反比，这类不育系减数分裂中染色体行为不同步是其恢复不高且变异较大的一重要原因。

Studies on meiosis characteristic and fertility restoration of male sterile wheat with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm

The frequency of univalent,lagging chromosomes and micronuclei in tetrad in PMC of the 1B/1R and non-1B/1R CMS lines of wheat with Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm,and their maintainer and their hybrid F 2,were investigated.The results were as follows:(1) The affects of Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm for on the chromosomes pairing were different in special 1B/1R CMS lines.(2) It was found that the frequency of MI cells with univalents of the five CMS lines were correlated to the frequency of cells with lagging chromosomes and the frequency of AI cells with micronuclei in tetrad,nor were their maintainer lines.(3) The affect of Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm on non-1B/1R CMS lines is not obvious,the interacts of special 1B/1R nuclei and Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm was the reason of abnormal meiosis.(4) Frequency of change in this three period is opposite to fertility restoration of their F 2,the abnormal meiosis was one of the important reason that the fertility restoration of 1B/1R CMS lines was low and easy to change.