Resurveying the Tris buffer solution: the specific interaction between tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and lysozyme

An unusual phenomenon, the specific interaction between tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) and lysozyme (LZM), was demonstrated for the first time by rapid screen analysis of interactions using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor. This phenomenon was also observed in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system. Further study using high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC) confirmed this specific interaction between LZM and immobilized Tris with an apparent dissociation constant (K_D) of 6.7 × 10⁻⁵ M. Molecular docking was carried out to identify possible modes of binding between LZM and Tris linked to a binding arm. The estimated binding free energy was −6.34 kcal mol⁻¹, corresponding to a K_D of 2.3 × 10⁻⁵ M, which correlated well with the experimental value. Based on the docking model, the three hydroxyl groups of Tris form intermolecular H bonds with Asp52, Glu35, and Ala107 in LZM. This study reinforces the importance of buffer selection in quantitative biochemical investigations. For a lysozyme ligand binding study, it is better to avoid using Tris when the ligands under study are weak binders.