DNA计算机的分子生物学研究进展

DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)计算机研究是一个新领域。从字面上看，它既包含DNA研究也包含计算机的研究，因而也包含DNA技术与计算机技术如何交融的研究。1994年，Adleman在Science上报道了首例DNA计算的研究结果；2001年，Benenson等在Nature报道了一种由DNA分子和相应的酶分子构成的、有图灵机功能的可程序试管型DNA计算机，标志着DNA计算机研究的重大进展。DNA计算机最大的特点是超大规模的并行运算能力和潜在的巨大的数据储存能力。目前DNA计算机研究已涉及许多领域，包括生物学、数学、物理、化学、计算机科学和自动化工程等具体应用，是计算概念上的一次革命。DNA计算机的研究大大促进了DNA分子操作技术尤其是在纳米尺度下操作DNA分子的研究速度。从DNA计算机的基本原理、应用形式、与基因组学研究的重要关系等方面总结和评述了相关研究进展。

Progress in Molecular Biology Study of DNA Computer

DNA(deoxyribonucleotide acids) computer is an emerging new study area that basically combines molecular biology study of DNA molecules and computational study on how to employ these specific molecules to calculate.In 1994 Adleman described his pioneering research on DNA computing in Science.This is the first experimental report on DNA computer study.In 2001 Benenson et al published a paper in Nature regarding a programmable and autonomous DNA computing device.Because of its Turing like functions,the device is regarded as another milestone progress for DNA computer study.The main features of DNA computer are massively parallel computing ability and potential enormous data storage capacity.Comparing with conventional electronic computers,DNA molecules provide conceptually a revolution in computing,and more and more implications have been found in various disciplines.DNA computer studies have brought great progress not only in its own computing mechanisms,but also in DNA manipulation technologies especially nano technology.This article presents the basic principles of DNA computer,its applications,its important relationship with genomic research and our comments on all above issues.