枫香叶采后挥发物表征及影响因子研究

以枫香(Liquidambar formosana)叶为材料，采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对不同发育程度、干燥时间、储存方式及萃取温度下枫香叶挥发性成分进行分析，以揭示枫香叶释放挥发性有机化合物数量及不同采后处理下挥发物的消长规律。结果表明：(1)枫香叶释放的萜烯类化合物以α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、柠檬烯为主；(2)嫩叶挥发性成分种类较成熟叶高，莰烯、β-萜品烯、罗勒烯仅存在于嫩叶，3-蒈烯、γ-松油烯仅存在于成熟叶；(3)干燥时间对枫香叶挥发性化合物影响较大，挥发物种类随干燥时间延长呈逐渐下降趋势，但主要的萜烯类化合物在不同干燥时间内均能被检测到，表现相对稳定；(4) –5 ℃及17 ℃储存可保留更多挥发性化合物，室温保存则失去较多化合物，但主要的萜烯类化合物在不同储存方式下均可被检测到；(5) 90 ℃高温萃取可获得更多的挥发性化合物，但70 ℃萃取得到的萜烯类化合物相对含量较高，室温萃取所得化合物种类虽最少，但更能反映园林应用中枫香叶芳香物质挥发的实际情况。研究结果可为枫香叶的采后处理及高值化资源利用提供参考。

Characterization and Influence Factors of Post-harvest Volatile Organic Compounds in Liquidambar

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze the volatile components of Liquidambar formosana leaves under different developmental stages, drying time, storage mode and extraction temperature to reveal the numbers of volatile organic compounds released from L. formosana leaves and the pattern of growth and decline of volatiles under different post-harvest treatments. The results were as follows: (1) The terpenes released from L. formosana leaves mainly contain α-pinene, β-pinene, β-watercressene and limonene. (2) Young leaves had a higher variety of volatile components than that of mature leaves with camphene, β-terpinene and basilene only present in young leaves, while 3-carene and γ-pinene only present in mature leaves. (3) Drying time had a strong influence on the volatile compounds of L. formosana leaves, and the varieties of volatile compounds showed a gradual decrease with the extension of drying time. The majority terpenoids could be detected at different drying times and were therefore relatively stable. (4) Storage at –5 ℃ and 17 ℃ retained more volatile compounds, room temperature storage lost more compounds, but major terpenes could be detected under different storage condition. (5) High temperature extraction at 90 ℃ yielded more volatile compounds, but the terpenoids obtained at 70 ℃ extraction were relatively high. Room temperature extraction yielded the least variety of compounds but better reflected the real situation of aromatic substance volatilization from L. formosana leaves under practical landscape application. The results of this study provided a reference for post-harvest treatment and high-value resource utilization of L. formosana leaves.