Fungal community associated with adults of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus after emergence from galls: Taxonomy and functional ecology |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forestry Systems (DIBAF) – University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy;2. Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE) – University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy;1. Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural Resources and Bioproduction, P.O. Box 2, 00791, Helsinki, Finland;2. Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia;3. Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Integrative Biology, Forest Pathology and Dendrology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland;1. Insubric Ecosystem Research Group, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, a Ramél 18, 6593, Cadenazzo, Switzerland;2. Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland;1. Biological Sciences Department, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, 61455 IL, USA;2. Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 87545 NM, USA;3. United States Department of Agriculture, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, 97330 OR, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China;2. Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China;3. Hainan Institute of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China;1. Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA |
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| Abstract: | The diversity of the fungal community associated with adults of Dryocosmus kuriphilus following emergence was examined using HTS analysis. Ascomycota dominated the fungal core-biome community. The functional guilds of the 90 taxa forming the core-biome were assessed, demonstrating three main groups: saprotrophs, plant pathogens and entomopathogens. Twenty-nine OTUs out of 90 were resolved to species level identifying 26 different fungal species. Among these species, many were cosmopolitan or previously recorded in Europe. Ten taxa were previously recorded on chestnut, including some recognized plant pathogens associated with foliage and green tissues such as Epicoccum nigrum, Gnomoniopsis castanea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Stromatoseptoria castaneicola, Ramularia endophylla. Beauveria bassiana; within the core microbiome, Fusarium larvarum represented the most abundant entomopathogenic species. Some of these species are known to impact directly or indirectly the vitality of the insects in the galls. The chestnut blight pathogen, Cryphonectria parasitica, was never found associated with D. kuriphilus. Based on the present study, an active role for D. kuriphilus as a vector of chestnut fungal endophyte/pathogens cannot be demonstrated but neither ruled out. |
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| Keywords: | Functional groups Fungal diversity High throughput sequencing Insect-fungus interaction |
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