Deficient nucleotide excision repair increases base-pair substitutions but decreases TGGC frameshifts induced by methylglyoxal in Escherichia coli.

To investigate the mutation spectrum of a well-known mutagen, methylglyoxal, and the influence of nucleotide excision repair (NER) on methylglyoxal-induced mutations, we treated wild-type and NER-deficient (uvrA or uvrC) Escherichia coli strains with methylglyoxal, and analyzed mutations in the chromosomal lacI gene. In the three strains, the cell death and the mutation frequency increased according to the dose of methylglyoxal added to the culture medium. The frequencies of methylglyoxal-induced base-pair substitutions were higher in the NER-deficient strains than in the wild-type strain, in the presence and absence of mucAB gene. Paradoxically, the frequency of methylglyoxal-induced TGGC frameshifts was higher in the wild-type strain than in the NER-deficient strains. When the methylglyoxal-induced mutation spectra in the presence and absence of mucAB gene are compared, the ratios of base-pair substitutions to frameshifts were increased by the effects of mucAB gene. In the three strains, more than 75% of the base-pair substitutions occurred at G:C sites, independent of the mucAB gene. When the mucAB gene was present, G:C-->T:A transversions were predominant, followed by G:C-->A:T transitions. When the mucAB gene was absent, the predominant mutations differed in the three strains: in the wild-type and uvrC strains, G:C-->A:T transitions were predominant, followed by G:C-->T:A transversions, while in the uvrA strains, G:C-->T:A transversions were predominant, followed by G:C-->A:T transitions. These results suggest that NER may be involved in both the repair and the fixation of methylglyoxal-induced mutations.