异细胞质中国春小麦与八倍体小偃麦杂交的细胞遗传研究

用5个异细胞质“中国春小麦”分别和八倍体小偃麦中_2、中_3,中_5杂交。F_1植株性状为两亲的中间型。D型细胞质和B型细胞质的作用基本相同。S型和G型细胞质严重影响F_1的育性,但二者表现不同,S型细胞质仅削弱花粉育性,而G型细胞质使有些杂交组合的F_1雄性完全不育。在中_3、中_5核基因组中存在G型细胞质雄性不育的育性恢复基因。M~t型细胞质可使所有杂交组合F_1植株大型化和抽穗期延长10—15天。此外,细胞遗传学分析表明,M~t型细胞质能促进同源染色体配对,而G型细胞质则促进部分同源染色体配对。G型细胞质对花粉母细胞减数分裂Ⅱ影响较大,产生许多异常四分体,最终引起雄性不育。上述杂交组合经连续回交,已育成异细胞质的八倍体小偃麦品系。

Cytogenetic Studies of Crossing Alloplasmic Wheats with Octopliod Trititrigia

A wheat variety Chinese Spring with different cytoplasms was crossed with octoploid Tri-titrigia. The genetic diversity of alloplasmic effects on F1 plants was analysed. A G-type plasma caused F1 plants completely male sterile, and a S-type plasma severely reduced seed setting, and a Mt-type plasma delayed heading time of F1 plants for 10-15 days. Cytological analpsis showed that Mt-type plasma improved homologous chromosome pairing and G-type plasma promoted homoeolgous chromosome pairing in F, plants, a large proportion of abnormal tetrals was observed and this may be resulted in male sterility.