Relationship between group dynamics and spatial distribution of African elephants in a semi‐arid environment

Group dynamics related to distribution of African elephants in the semi‐arid environment of Tsavo East National Park, Kenya was studied between 2007 and 2010. I examined the seasonal distribution of lone bulls, bull groups, family units and mixed groups and group size. Lone bulls were widely distributed in the dry season and localized in the wet season, whereas bull groups were localized in both seasons. On average bull group size did not differ with seasons or areas, but larger groups were observed in preferred areas in the dry season. Family units were widely distributed in the dry season and localized in the wet season, whereas mixed groups were localized in both seasons. Although family units and mixed groups tended to be large in all areas in the wet season, large groups were also observed in the dry season. Large family units were widely distributed, whereas large mixed groups were localized. The relationship between group dynamics and distribution was attributed to the combination of social, ecological and poaching factors. This study provided insight into distribution patterns that can be applied to the security of the Tsavo elephant population.