新疆甘草属(Glycyrrhiza) 的生态分布及其经济利用

 新疆分布的甘草属植物共五种：甘草(Clycyrrhiza uralensis)、光果甘草(G．glabra)、粗毛甘草(G. aspera)、胀果甘草(G．inflata)、科氏甘草(G．korshinskyi)。出现于新疆88％的县市，各大河流沿岸、泉水溢出带及冲积平原。在区系上与中亚关系密切。空气干燥度、年平均温度及土壤盐碱含量对不同种甘草的分布都有影响。甘草虽然在南、北、东疆都有分布，但以北疆为主。甘草分布地区的大气干燥度从1.37—237.3，而以3—6最佳；年均温度为0.4—14℃，而以4—8℃为最适宜。甘草常与苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)、芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)、芦苇(Phragmites communis)、大叶白麻(Poacynum hendersonii)等组成群落。光果甘草可与灰杨(Populus pruinosa)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、假苇拂子茅(Calamagrostis Pseudophragmites)等组成群落。胀果甘草常与不同比例的胡杨(Populus diversifolia)、铃铛刺(Halimodendron halodendron)、柽柳、芦苇、大叶白麻、骆驼刺(Alhagi pseudalhagi)、花花柴(Karelinia caspica)等组成群落。粗毛甘草多为田间、果园及路旁荒地杂草。为了保持甘草资源的持续利用并充分发挥其效益，应建立合理的挖采制度，建立甘草生产基地，并开展甘草的综合利用研究。

THE ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF GENUS GLYCYRRHIZA AND ITS UTILIZATION IN XINJIANG

Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, G. inflata, G. aspra and G. korhsinskyi are 5 species of Glycyrrhiza. Which distribute in 63 counties of Xinjiang. The area of G . inflata is Talimu Basin. The area of other 4 species are Mediterranean-Central Asian. According to author’s analysis, the climatic requirements of genus Glycyrrhiza in Xinjiang are the mean annual precipitation of 4—490mm, the mean annual of temperature of 0.4—14℃, the annual accumulated temperature of 1900—5500℃. But the ranges vary with different species.In order to have a sustainable and complete utilization for liconice, a rational excavation system should be set up and a special licorice productive base should be established, and, last of all, an integrative utilization system has to be developed.