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Invasion of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and the rise of the boreal ecosystem in Fennoscandia |
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| Authors: | Heikki Seppä ,Teija Alenius,Richard H.W. Bradshaw,Thomas Giesecke,Maija Heikkilä , Petteri Muukkonen |
| Affiliation: | Department of Geology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;;Department of Geography, The University of Liverpool, Roxby Building, Liverpool L69 7ZT, UK;;Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecth-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;;and Finnish Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland |
| Abstract: | |
| Keywords: | boreal ecosystem competitive interactions Holocene invasion palaeoecology Picea abies pollen accumulation rates Tilia cordata |