Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastroesophageal reflux disease

Background and Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection appears to be a protective factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, H. pylori is associated with the subtype of esophageal carcinoma, and long‐term proton‐pump inhibition usage would cause gastric atrophy in patients with persistent H. pylori infection, which is a precancerous lesion. The relationship between H. pylori infection and GERD is still unclear. We aimed to confirm whether the eradication of H. pylori would worsen or improve symptomatic or endoscopic GERD. Methods: A systematic review of the published data was undertaken, and a meta‐analysis was performed to determine the effect of H. pylori eradication on the occurrence of symptomatic (heartburn, acid regurgitation) and endoscopically proven erosive (esophagitis) GERD in patients with or without pre‐existing GERD. Results: A total of 11 articles met the inclusion criteria and thus were included in the meta‐analysis. There was no significant difference in the frequency of symptomatic or endoscopically proven erosive GERD after the eradication between patients with H. pylori eradicated and those with persistent infection, regardless of follow‐up period, location, or the baseline disease. Conclusion: H. pylori eradication does not aggravate the clinical outcomes in terms of short‐term and long‐term posteradication occurrence of GERD. There is no association between H. pylori eradication and the development of GERD in the patients with different diseases, even those with GERD.