Comparison of Water,Oils and Emulsifiable Adjuvant Oils as Formulating Agents for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metarhizium Anisopliae</Emphasis> for Use in Control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Boophilus Microplus</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Perry?PolarEmail author Moses?TK?Kairo Dave?Moore Rupert?Pegram Sally-Ann?John |
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Institution: | (1) CAB International Caribbean and Latin America Regional Centre, Curepe, Trinidad and Tobago;(2) Center for Biological Control, College of Engineering Sciences, Technology and Agriculture, Texas A&M University, Florida, USA;(3) CAB International UK Centre, Bakeham Lane, TW20 9TY Egham, Surrey, UK;(4) FAO-Caribbean Amblyomma Programme, Friars Hill Road, P.O. Box W 1572, St Johns, Antigua |
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Abstract: | Studies were conducted to identify oil-based formulating agents (paraffinic oil, palm oil and emulsifiable adjuvant oils (EAOs))
for Metarhizium anisopliae that were superior to water with simple surfactants using a germination test and a bioassay against Boophilus microplus. Germination of conidia in all formulations, except 10% coconut EAO, produced more than 68% germination at 24 h and nearly
100% at 48 h. Coconut oil (average survival time (AST)=4.6±0.28 days) and 10% liquid paraffin EAO (AST=4.4±0.15 days) enhanced
the pathogenicity of M. anisopliae to B. microplus relative to water (AST=8.4±0.42 days). M. anisopliae in 10% liquid paraffin EAO was the most effective formulation having a moderately high germination after 24 h and a low AST
as well as a high AST in the control. In the second experiment, germination of conidia in 2% liquid paraffin EAO and 2% Cropspray
was higher than in 2% Codacide oil at 24 h, however, all treatments reached 100% germination after 48 h. The ASTs of the EAO
based M. anisopliae formulations (Average AST=6.4±0.54 days) were similar but lower that the ASTs of the controls (Average AST=9.6±0.28 days). |
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Keywords: | adjuvant biological pesticide cattle tick coconut formulation paraffin Trinidad and Tobago |
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