人工饲养条件下马来熊(Helarctos malayanus)生长发育和行为特点的初步研究

1987年9月至1989年8月,笔者对来自云南瑞丽的2只雄性马来熊成体和7只幼体(3♂,4♀♀)在人工饲养条件下进行了观察研究,本文报道在不同生长时期的不同饲料配方、幼熊感觉器官的发育、齿式的形成、外部形态的变化、体重的生长方法及行为。

STUDIES ON MALAYAN SUN EEAR(HELARCTOS MALAYANl/S)IN ARTIFICIAL REARING

From September 1987 to August 1989, the authors had reared Malayan Sun Bears, 2 male adults and 7 subadults (3 , 4 ) which were from Ruili, west of Yunnan Province, studied the composition of diet which ould meet the need of growth and development of bears at different ages and obseived the change of morphology, the growth of body weight, daily active time, and the formation of social structure insubadult group. The main results are as follows:1. The composition of diet is changed with different ages (Table 1 ). Subadults can grew and develop well. They can become sex-maturity at 2 or 3 years old.2. The eyes of newborn infants are closed. Infants generally open their eyes at 25 days old, but they have no eyesight until 50 days old.3. The newbcrn infants have no hearing. Before 30 days old the healing is poor. After 50 days old, the hearing becomes sharper and sharper.4. At 40 days old, the upper incisors and canine teeth start to appear, the complete adult dentition is acquired at about 18 months.5. At 30 days old,the body hair of infants is greyish black except a dirty white U-shape mark in the breast and brown white or milk white muzzle. After 30 days old, infants begin to change hair. At 58 days old, the hair becomes very black and bright.6. The body weight growth equations of subadults are: : W = 0.3414t(1.1282), : W = 0.3424t(1.0918).At 2 years old,the subadults reach the adult body weight. When the body weights are as the percentage of adult Jevel, the growth equations are: : W = 0.7781t(1.1275), : W = 0.9063t(1.0921).7. In captivity, t e daily active peaks art in the morning and evening, which is different from those in the field; at summer, the bears like to swim in the pool, to chase and sleep in the shades at winter, they like to take sunbath; during the period of growth, the active peak of subadults is at one year old; at oestrus,the daily active time is 8-10 hours.8. After one year old, the group of subadult starts to form a constant social structure, which is for males.