Expression of genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in white and red fruits of Fragaria pentaphylla and genetic variation in the dihydroflavonol-4-reductase gene |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Food Energy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China;2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, PR China;3. Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Taizhou 318000, PR China;1. Key Lab of Inorganic Functional Material in Universities of Shandong, School of Material Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;2. Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK;1. School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, PR China;2. Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/Sweetpotato Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, PR China;3. Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt;1. Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;2. Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Food Science, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;1. Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, The Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS)/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China;2. Rubber Research Institute, CATAS/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, China;3. Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China;4. The Engineering Technology Research Center of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hainan Province, Danzhou 571737, China |
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| Abstract: | Structural and regulatory genes control fruit colors in plants. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed significantly higher expression levels of structural genes (FpCHS, FpDFR, FpANS, and FpUFGT) as well as of the regulatory gene MYB10 in red fruits of Fragaria pentaphylla compared to white fruits. These genes were strongly associated with anthocyanin accumulation within fruits. The full-length sequence of the FpDFR gene in red fruits of F. pentaphylla had a length of 2080 bp, was separated by five introns, and shared 95% homology with the F. vesca DFR sequence. Twenty-seven SNPs were detected in the FpDFR gDNA sequences between red and white fruits. Among these, transition substitutions were more frequent than transversions (66.7% vs. 33.3%), and a larger number of nucleotide variants existed in introns compared to exons (70.4% vs. 29.6%). A Chi-square test showed only three SNPs significantly associated with fruit color. Combined with structural analyses of the FpDFR protein and an expression analysis of the anthocyanin pathway genes, these results indicate that trans-regulation might contribute to color control in F. pentaphylla. |
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| Keywords: | Anthocyanin Real-time quantitative PCR Single nucleotide polymorphisms Wild strawberry |
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