肠道菌群与肥胖关系的研究进展

西方化的高脂饮食方式造成了越来越多的肥胖人群。高脂饮食在一定程度上可以改变肠道菌群的结构组成和功能,促进宿主对食物营养的吸收,从而增加体重形成肥胖。高脂饮食诱导的肥胖者肠道菌群的改变会导致宿主能量吸收增加,肠道通透性和炎症增加,而有减肥功能的短链脂肪酸合成能力下降。最近研究发现肠道菌群也可以通过影响中枢神经系统,尤其是下丘脑相关基因的表达来控制食欲,从而调控肥胖的形成。本文系统介绍了最近几年高脂饮食诱导肥胖的研究,总结了一些与肥胖形成有密切关系的肠道菌群以及其在肥胖形成中的作用机制,为进一步研究肠道菌群与肥胖之间的调控作用奠定了基础。最后总结了肠道菌群可以作为一个预防和治疗肥胖的有效靶点,可以通过在食物中添加有益菌或者通过菌群移植来治疗肥胖。

The relationship between obesity and intestinal microbiota: advances in research

Abstract: Westernized, high-fat diet has contributed to the rise in the prevalence of obesity. To some extent, high-fat diets cause obesity, at least in part, by modifying the composition and function of microbiota, the microorganisms that colonize in the gastrointestinal tract. High-fat diet-induced alterations in intestinal microbiota have been suggested to increase energy extraction, intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation while decreasing the capability to generate obesity-suppressing short-chain fatty acids. Recent studies have found that intestinal microbiota can also regulate obesity by influencing the expression of genes related to the central nervous system, especially the expression of hypothalamus-associated genes. This paper systematically introduces the researches on obesity induced by high-fat diet in recent years, and summarizes some intestinal microbiota closely related to the formation of obesity and its mechanisms in the formation of obesity, laying a foundation for further study on the regulation of intestinal microbiota and obesity. Finally, it is concluded that intestinal microbiota can be used as an effective target for the prevention and treatment of obesity which can be treated by adding beneficial bacteria to food or by transplanting microbiota.