假病毒的应用研究进展

利用野生型病毒株研究病毒的生物学特性及其与宿主细胞相互作用的机制是病毒学领域常用的研究方法,但前提条件是此类病毒能够在体外培养,且传染性和致病性低,对人身安全和环境不构成威胁。对于一些传染性强、致死率高,体外培养难以获得,且需在高级别生物安全实验室操作的病毒,如H7N9、H5N1、SARS和埃博拉病毒等,体外研究其生物学特性有较大的困难和局限性。因此,寻求一种替代真病毒的方法来研究特定病毒特性势在必行。体外构建假病毒由于具有生物安全性高、宿主嗜性广、稳定性强等优点,受到人们的关注,已广泛应用于疫苗研发、病毒与宿主细胞之间的相互作用、病毒敏感细胞的筛选、中和抗体和中和抗原表位研究等方面,这是一种非常安全有效的研究手段。现就此进行综述,并总结相关领域的研究进展。

Advances in application of pseudovirus

Objective It is by way of using the wild-type virus in studying biological characteristics of virus and mechanism in interaction between virus and its receptor cells in virology research, but prerequiste for this type of virus should be obtained by culturing in vitro and with a low infectiousness as well as not endangered personal safety and natural enveron- ment. However, some viruses, such as H7N9, HSN1, SARS, HCV, EBV etc, are very difficult in cultivation in vitro and manipulation of them must be confined in biosafety level 3 （BSL-3） laboratories because of their high pathogenicity and in- fectiousness. Therefore, researchers attempt to develop a method to replace wild-type virus for studying biological character- istics of virus. Resently, generating pseudovirions is becoming an effective means in this aspect, which is stable, safe and has a broad host tropism, it can be used to study the interaction between virus and host cells, screen sensitive cells for virus and seach for neutralizing antibodies and neutralizing epitopes and so on. Here we will review recent advances in the application of pseudovirus.