Bioactivity,Chemical Profiling,and 16S rRNA-Based Phylogeny of <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Pseudoalteromonas</Emphasis> Strains Collected on a Global Research Cruise |
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Authors: | Nikolaj G Vynne Maria Månsson Kristian F Nielsen Lone Gram |
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Institution: | 1.National Food Institute,Technical University of Denmark,Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark;2.Department of Systems Biology,Technical University of Denmark,Kgs. Lyngby,Denmark |
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Abstract: | One hundred one antibacterial Pseudoalteromonas strains that inhibited growth of a Vibrio anguillarum test strain were collected on a global research cruise (Galathea 3), and 51 of the strains repeatedly demonstrated antibacterial
activity. Here, we profile secondary metabolites of these strains to determine if particular compounds serve as strain or
species markers and to determine if the secondary metabolite profile of one strain represents the bioactivity of the entire
species. 16S rRNA gene similarity divided the strains into two primary groups: One group (51 strains) consisted of bacteria
which retained antibacterial activity, 48 of which were pigmented, and another group (50 strains) of bacteria which lost antibacterial
activity upon sub-culturing, two of which were pigmented. The group that retained antibacterial activity consisted of six
clusters in which strains were identified as Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, Pseudoalteromonas aurantia, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica, Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica, Pseudoalteromonas rubra, and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida. HPLC-UV/VIS analyses identified key peaks, such as violacein in P. luteoviolacea. Some compounds, such as a novel bromoalterochromide, were detected in several species. HPLC-UV/VIS detected systematic intra-species
differences for some groups, and testing several strains of a species was required to determine these differences. The majority
of non-antibacterial, non-pigmented strains were identified as Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans, and HPLC-UV/VIS did not further differentiate this group. Pseudoalteromonas retaining antibacterial were more likely to originate from biotic or abiotic surfaces in contrast to planktonic strains.
Hence, the pigmented, antibacterial Pseudoalteromonas have a niche specificity, and sampling from marine biofilm environments is a strategy for isolating novel marine bacteria
that produce antibacterial compounds. |
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