Transmembrane signaling in cilia and flagella |
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Authors: | R A Bloodgood |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Box 439, 22908 Charlottesville, VA, USA |
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Abstract: | Summary Ciliary and flagellar membranes are dynamic. Ciliary and flagellar membranes have diverged widely during evolution and perform many specialized functions. Transmembrane signaling is an important component of the function of ciliary and flagellar surfaces in general. In this review, I discuss some of the functions performed by ciliary and flagellar surfaces and I present three different ciliary and flagellar signaling systems associated with rather different dynamic events performed by ciliary and flagellar surfaces. Two of these are associated withChlamydomonas flagella and one is associated with vertebrate olfactory cilia. Calcium regulation of protein phosphorylation appears to be important in regulating glycoprotein movements in theChlamydomonas flagellar membrane. Changes in levels of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation are clearly central to the signaling associated with mating events in gametic flagella ofChlamydomonas, although calcium clearly has an important, if poorly understood, role to play. There is no known role for G proteins in flagellar membrane events inChlamydomonas. In contrast, mammalian olfactory cilia possess an odorant activated, G protein regulated adenylate cyclase and conductance channels that are directly gated by cyclic nucleotides. A second class of odorants that do not affect adenylate cyclase activity appear to act through G protein activated phospholipase C and changes in IP3 second messenger levels. These examples demonstrate the diversity in the signaling pathways associated with ciliary and flagellar membranes.Abbreviations CaPK-2
calcium-dependent protein kinase
- db-cAMP
dibutyryl cAMP
- Fab
fragment antigen binding
- IgE
immunoglobulin E
- IP3
myo-inositol trisphosphate
- IP4
myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate
- OBP
odorant binding protein
- PIP2
phosphoinositol bisphosphate
- TFP
trifluoperazine
- WGA
wheat germ agglutinin |
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Keywords: | Cilia Flagella Transmembrane signaling Flagellar surface Adhesion Olfactory cilia Chlamydomonas |
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