Amperometric xanthine biosensors based on electrodeposition of platinum on polyvinylferrocenium coated Pt electrode |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Selçuk University, Konya 42075, Turkey;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Selçuk University, Konya 42075, Turkey;1. Maynooth University Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;2. Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;1. Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio;2. Department of Allergy Immunology, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Centre, Cleveland, Ohio;1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada;2. Electronics and Communication Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh;1. LaborQ, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania;2. University of Sousse, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse, 4003 Tunisia;3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania;4. Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;1. Laboratory for Biosensing, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, and Shandong Provinicial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China |
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| Abstract: | Novel xanthine biosensors were successfully fabricated by immobilizing xanthine oxidase on polyvinylferrocenium perchlorate matrix (PVF+ClO4−) and platinum electrodeposited polyvinylferrocenium perchlorate matrix. PVF+ClO4− film was coated on Pt electrode at +0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl by electrooxidation of polyvinylferrocene (PVF). Platinum nanoparticles were deposited on PVF+ClO4− electrode by electrochemical deposition in 2.0 mM H2PtCl6 solution at −0.2 V. Xanthine oxidase was incorporated into the polymer matrix via ion exchange process by immersing modified Pt electrodes in the enzyme solution. The amperometric responses of the biosensors were measured via monitoring oxidation current of hydrogen peroxide at +0.5 V. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges of xanthine detection were determined as 1.73 × 10−3–1.74 mM for PVF+XO− and 0.43 × 10−3–2.84 mM for PVF+XO−/Pt. The detection limits of xanthine were 5.20 × 10−4 mM for PVF+XO− and 1.30 × 10−4 mM for PVF+XO−/Pt. Moreover, the effects of applied potential, electrodeposition potential, H2PtCl6 concentration, amount of electrodeposited Pt nanoparticles, thickness of polymeric film, temperature, immobilization time, xanthine and xanthine oxidase concentrations on the response currents of the biosensors were investigated in detail. The effects of interferents, the operational and storage stabilities of biosensors and the applicabilities to drug samples of the biosensors analysis were also evaluated. |
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