Production of a cellulolytic enzyme system in mixed-culture solid-state fermentation of soybean hulls supplemented with wheat bran |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India;2. Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland;1. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India;2. Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India;3. Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (Formerly Allahabad Agricultural Institute), Allahabad 221007, Uttar Pradesh, India;1. Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India;2. Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, India;3. Department of Biotechnology, North Orissa University, Sriram Chandra vihar, Takatpur, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India;1. Department of Bioengineering and Alcoholic Drink Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Ménesi út 45, Hungary;2. Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India;3. Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland''s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK |
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| Abstract: | Solid-state fermentation of soybean hulls supplemented with wheat bran using a co-culture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae was performed. Three parameters — initial moisture content, incubation temperature, and initial pH — were optimized in culture flasks using response surface methodology. Parameter optimization was carried out with respect to filter paper activity and β-glucosidase activity in the culture. Temperature of 30 °C, pH of 5, and moisture content of 70% were found to be optimum. Optimized parameters were used for laboratory scale-up in static tray fermenters. The maximum filter paper activity of 10.7 FPU/g-ds and β-glucosidase of 10.7 IU/g-ds were obtained after 96-h incubation period in static tray fermenters in agreement with optimized activities at shake flask level. The results of static tray fermentation also highlighted the importance of mixed-culture fermentation. Both enzyme activities and volumetric productivities of enzyme produced were significantly higher in mixed-culture fermentation as compared to mono-culture static tray fermentation. Expression profile of cellulase system was characterized using SDS-PAGE and it indicated the presence of all the five major activities corresponding to β-glucosidase, CBH I, CBH II, EG I and xylanase. Enzyme broth was centrifuged and concentrated in an ultrafiltration cell. The concentrate was used for enzymatic saccharification of pretreated wheat straw and the potential of an indigenously developed enzyme concoction was reported in terms of saccharification efficiency. Pretreatment using both acid and alkali was carried out, and differences in sugar yield due to differences in composition as a result of pretreatment were reported. Results showed that alkali treatment generated higher sugars as compared to acid pretreatment. This was due to lignin removal and concentration of the cellulosic fraction. Present work showed that solid-state fermentation in a static tray bioreactor is a valuable technique for producing a system of enzymes with balanced activities that can efficiently saccharify lignocellulosic biomass like wheat straw. |
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