几种不同进化程度动物细胞内质网超微结构的比较研究

应用稼射电镜技术，高锰酸钾固定扫描电镜技术及生化分离技术，比较研究了家兔、家鸽、蟾蜍，鲤鱼、脉红螺肝细胞和眼虫的内质网超微结构及含量。透射电镜观察结果显示：在高等哺乳动物肝细胞内质网丰富，以扁囊结构为主，在整个细胞质内均有分布，主要存在于核周围，并伴有伴随线粒体分布的特征；蟾蜍肝细胞内质网稀少，以长管状平行排列，分布在细胞质的局部，鲤鱼肝细胞内质网呈小泡状均匀分布在细胞质中，脉红螺肝细胞及眼虫细胞

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN ANIMAL CELLS AT DIFFERENT EVOLUTIONARY LEVELS

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which is continuous and closing compartents consisted of small tubles, vesicles and flat sacs is one of the particular organelles of eukariotic cell. ER is distributed in the cytoplasm in reticulum shape, therefore,it is also called ER membrane system. ER plays an important role in the process of protein synsthesis, lipid synsthesis,glycogen mataebolism,mater transport and detoxity, and it is also the source of Golgi apparatus and lysosome. Thereore ER is situated in the center in the endo membrane system. Studying the shape, structure, distribution feature of ER in animals at different evolutionary levels is of significance for understanding the evolutionary relationship between ER's shape and function. The ultrastructure of ER in rabbit, pigon, toad, carp, conch liver cells and one of the protozoon, Euglene were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Song's potassium permanganate fixation.The results showed that advanced vertebrate cells have vast of ER, which is composed of complexed system of flatter cisternals and distributed throughout cytosol. ER is relatively less in toad cells and is situated in part of cytosol, with the shape of long tubles lying parallelly. ER of carp cells is scattered in the cytosol in the shape of small vesicle. The number of ER in conch and Euglene cells is very rare. The content of ER is gradually increased and the structure of ER becomes more complicated with the evolution of animals.