Comparative investigation of the differentiation capability of bone-marrow- and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by qualitative and quantitative analysis |
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Authors: | Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji May Al-Nbaheen Balamuthu Kadalmani Abdullah Aldahmash Thiyagarajan Ramesh |
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Institution: | (1) Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11472, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;(2) Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India;(3) Department of Applied Biochemistry, Division of Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, South Korea;(4) KMEB, Department of Endocrinology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; |
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Abstract: | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold promise for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine. To date, MSCs have been obtained
from conventional bone marrow via a highly invasive procedure. Therefore, MSCs are now also isolated from sources such as
adipose tissue, cord blood and cord stroma, a subject of growing interest. As the characterization and differentiation potential
of adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) and bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) have not been documented, we have evaluated and compared
the characteristics of both MSC types by qualitative and quantitative analyses. Both cell types show similar morphology and
surface protein expression, being positive for stromal-associated markers and negative for hematopoietic and endothelial markers.
The colony-forming potential of AD-MSCs is distinctly higher than that of BM-MSCs. Nonetheless, similar adipogenic and osteogenic
differentiation is observed in both groups of MSCs. Cytochemical qualitative analysis and calcium mineralization demonstrate
higher levels toward osteogenic differentiation in BM-MSCs than in AD-MSCs. On the contrary, the percentage of Nile red oil
staining for differentiated adipocytes is higher in AD-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
shows similar patterns of osteogenic- and adipogenic-associated gene expression in both cell types. Each of the MSCs respond
in functional analysis by exhibiting unique properties at the differentiation level according to their micro-environmental
niche. Thus, quantitative analysis might be a valuable means of describing stem cell multipotency, in addition to qualitative
investigation. |
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