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Climate,environmental and socio-economic change: weighing up the balance in vector-borne disease transmission
Authors:Paul E. Parham  Joanna Waldock  George K. Christophides  Deborah Hemming  Folashade Agusto  Katherine J. Evans  Nina Fefferman  Holly Gaff  Abba Gumel  Shannon LaDeau  Suzanne Lenhart  Ronald E. Mickens  Elena N. Naumova  Richard S. Ostfeld  Paul D. Ready  Matthew B. Thomas  Jorge Velasco-Hernandez  Edwin Michael
Abstract:
Arguably one of the most important effects of climate change is the potential impact on human health. While this is likely to take many forms, the implications for future transmission of vector-borne diseases (VBDs), given their ongoing contribution to global disease burden, are both extremely important and highly uncertain. In part, this is owing not only to data limitations and methodological challenges when integrating climate-driven VBD models and climate change projections, but also, perhaps most crucially, to the multitude of epidemiological, ecological and socio-economic factors that drive VBD transmission, and this complexity has generated considerable debate over the past 10–15 years. In this review, we seek to elucidate current knowledge around this topic, identify key themes and uncertainties, evaluate ongoing challenges and open research questions and, crucially, offer some solutions for the field. Although many of these challenges are ubiquitous across multiple VBDs, more specific issues also arise in different vector–pathogen systems.
Keywords:climate   climate change   vector-borne diseases   human health   modelling
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