Non-invasive evaluation of an injectable bone substitute

Despite the increasing number of techniques for the preservation of bone ridges after dental avulsion, no precise evaluation of alveolar filling has been performed to date. The criteria of available measurement techniques (probes, retroalveolar or panoramic radiography, and lateral teleradiography) are not sufficiently reliable and precise. This study investigated the reliability of evaluation based on CT images in comparison with retroalveolar radiography (the most precise radiographic technique, providing standardised images), direct measurements, and images obtained in scanning electron microscopy. After a preliminary investigation ex vivo, a study was performed in vivo on three beagles. Mandibular premolars were extracted, and the corresponding alveoli were filled with an injectable bone substitute composed of a calcium phosphate mineral load associated with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Measurements performed on CT images relative to visual and automatic detection of density changes and studies of density curves provided better precision than those obtained by retroalveolar radiography.