中国地方黄牛的遗传多样性*

中国黄牛起源复杂，我国地方黄牛群体不同品种在毛色、形态外貌、细胞遗传学、血液蛋白座位分析均表现出多样性。计算我国黄牛群体6个毛色座位平均杂合度和6个血液蛋白座位平均杂合度分别为0.3144和0.4873，表明我国地方黄牛群体的遗传多样性非常丰富。计算我国黄牛群体的6个毛色座位和6个血液蛋白座位的基因分化系数分别为0.3404和0.095，表明我国黄牛群体毛色差异中有34.04％是由品种间的差异造成的。血液蛋白的多态性有9.5％是由品种间的差异造成的。我国黄牛群体的遗传多样性主要来自品种内的遗传多样性。保存我国黄牛品种资源多样性不仅要从整个中国黄牛群体上考虑，而且要针对每个品种（或类群）进行保种。

Genetic diversity in native Chinese cattle

The origin of Chinese cattle is very complex .There are genetic diversity in coat color, body states, karyotype,blood protein loci of Chinese cattle breeds. The average heterozygosities of 6 coat color loci and 6 blood protein loci are 0.3144 and 0.4873 respectively in Chinese native cattle population , which indicated there is rich genetic diversity in Chinese native cattle population. The coefficient of gene differentiations of 6 coat color loci and 6 blood protein loci are 0.3404 and 0.095 respectively in Chinese native cattle population ,which showed 34.04% of the total genetic variation in coat color and 9.5% of the total genetic variation in blood protein loci are caused by genetic difference among breeds. Most of the genetic diversity in Chinese cattle come from within every breed. Conservation of Chinese cattle genetic diversity must be considered of not only the genetic diversity conservation of the total Chinese cattle population but also that of every cattle breed.