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Tyrosine phosphorylation of cytochrome c as a signaling event in frozen thawed buffalo spermatozoa at the cross-roads of capacitation and apoptosis
Institution:1. Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel;2. Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;1. Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany;2. Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Str. 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany;3. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim (ATB), Department of Engineering for Livestock Management, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China;2. Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260, People’s Republic of China;3. Marine Fisheries Development Center of Guangdong Province, Huizhou 516081, People’s Republic of China;4. College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People’s Republic of China;3. Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;4. Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;5. Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;6. Institute of Marine Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IIM-CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain;1. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA;2. Sexing Technologies Inc., DeForest, WI, USA;3. Sexing Technologies, Navasota, TX, USA;4. Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
Abstract:Considering the importance of cytochrome c in both life and death, it was of significant interest to investigate the expression of cytochrome c, its tyrosine phosphorylation status and immunolocalization patterns in a frozen-thawed buffalo sperm cell in comparison to in vitro capacitated heparin (10 μg/ml) induced, for 4 h] and stress apoptotic (10 μM staurosporine), oxidative (25 μM H2O2) and osmotic (180 mM NaCl) for 4 h] induced conditions. Proteins were subjected to immunoblotting and probed by using monoclonal anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in expression of tyrosine phosphorylated cytochrome c was observed in capacitated buffalo sperm in comparison to frozen-thawed samples. cAMP protein kinase-A dependent and extracellular signal-regulated kinase independent tyrosine phosphorylation of cytochrome c was found during in vitro capacitation of buffalo spermatozoa. Localized increase in cytochrome c and tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were observed in frozen thawed and capacitated sperm. The information generated in this study can be used to understand the molecular mechanism of regulation of an apoptotic protein (cytochrome c) by tyrosine phosphorylation (a capacitation marker) in a frozen thawed sperm cell which could be a good target to combat apoptosis.
Keywords:Cytochrome c  Capacitation  Cryopreservation  Buffalo spermatozoa
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