Endothelial cells within embryonic skeletal muscles: a potential source of myogenic progenitors

We investigated whether the vessel-associated or endothelial cells within mouse embryo muscles can be a source of myogenic progenitors. Immunodetection of the stem cell surface markers, CD34 and Flk1, which are known to characterize the endothelial lineage, was done throughout the course of embryo muscle development. Both markers appeared to be restricted to the vessel-associated cells. On the basis of CD34 labeling, the reactive cells were purified by magnetic-bead selection from the limb muscles of 17-dpc desmin+/-LacZ mouse embryos and characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The cells in the selected CD34(+) population appeared to be approximately 95% positive for Flk1, but usually negative for CD45. We demonstrated that in vitro the CD34(+)/Flk1(+) population differentiated into endothelial cells and skeletal myofibers. When transplanted into mdx mouse muscle, this population displayed a high propensity to disperse within the recipient muscle, fuse with the host myofibers, and restore dystrophin expression. The marked ability of the embryonic muscle endothelial cells to activate myogenic program could be related to their somitic origin.