基于熵权TOPSIS法的西南自然保护区景观保护成效评价

定期开展保护成效评估，是制定保护决策与提升保护地管理效果的重要基础。景观动态能够直观地指示保护地成效，但针对区域尺度保护地网络，采用多指标评价体系的景观保护成效研究还相对缺乏。以我国西南地区102个国家级和省级自然保护区为研究对象，从景观生态状况、自然生境格局与连通性以及人类干扰4个方面构建评价指标体系，应用熵权TOPSIS模型的综合分析方法，评估自然保护区在1990—2015年间的景观保护成效，并探讨自然保护区属性与保护成效间的关系。研究发现：(1)从1990—2000年至2010—2015年评估时段，保护成效上升的自然保护区数量约占77.5%,但低于保护成效综合评价指数平均值的自然保护区数量持续增加，表明自然保护区的整体景观成效趋于两极化发展。(2)自然保护区景观保护成效表现出明显的空间差异性，保护成效明显提升的自然保护区主要分布在川藏滇桂四省区，成效下降的自然保护区主要分布在黔、桂及两者交界区域。(3)不同类型与等级的自然保护区之间保护成效存在差异。类型上，整体成效表现为森林生态类较好、内陆湿地类次之、野生动植物类较差，而保护成效改善程度为野生动物类>内陆湿地类>森林...

Landscape conservation effectiveness assessment of nature reserves based on entropy weight-TOPSIS in Southwest China

Regular assessment of conservation effectiveness plays a crucial role in conservation decision-making and improvement of protected-area management. Landscape dynamics can directly indicate the conservation effectiveness of protected areas. However, there is still limited research on assessing the effectiveness of landscape conservation of regional protected-area networks by applying a multi-index evaluation approach. With 102 national and provincial-level nature reserves in Southwest China as the study objects, this paper used the entropy weight-TOPSIS method to implement a comprehensive assessment on these reserves'' landscape conservation effectiveness based on indices of four groups including landscape ecological condition, natural habitat pattern, connectivity, and human disturbance. We aim to assess the conservation effectiveness of nature reserves over a long-time scale from 1990 to 2015, and also to investigate the relationship between conservation effectiveness and two attributes of nature reserves, i.e. their types and administrative levels. The results showed that:(1) during the assessing period from 1990-2000 to 2010-2015, the number of nature reserves with improved conservation effectiveness accounted for 77.5%, but the number of nature reserves that had a lower value than the average of the comprehensive evaluation index of conservation effectiveness continued to increase. It indicated that on the one hand, the overall conservation effectiveness was improved; on the other hand, the landscape conservation effectiveness of some nature reserves was relatively low. (2) The landscape conservation effectiveness of nature reserves exhibited a clear heterogeneous spatial pattern. The nature reserves with significantly increased conservation effectiveness were mainly distributed in Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan and Guangxi, whereas the nature reserves with significantly decreased conservation effectiveness were mostly located in Guizhou, Guangxi and the bordered areas between them. (3) The landscape conservation effectiveness varied with the types and administrative levels of nature reserves. In terms of types, the forest-ecosystem nature reserves had the highest overall effectiveness, followed by inland-wetland, wild-animal and wild-plant nature reserves, but wild-animal reserves had the highest degree of improvement in conservation effectiveness, followed by inland-wetland, forest-ecosystem, and wild-plant nature reserves. In terms of administrative levels, the national nature reserves had higher effectiveness than provincial nature reserves. In general, the nature-reserve system in Southwest China achieved significant landscape conservation efficiency for natural habitats, but some nature reserves (e.g. Maolan, Mayanghe, and Chishui Alsophila Nature Reserves) showed obvious decline in landscape conservation effectiveness, which needed more attention. This research can provide scientific support for the improvement of conservation effectiveness and the spatial optimization of protected-area systems in regional scale.