改良型抗菌肽的研究进展

长期滥用抗生素导致了耐药菌株“超级细菌”的出现，增加了动物、人类健康和环境污染风险．寻找抗生素替代品正成为全球研究热点，抗菌肽因其高效抗菌效果和不同于抗生素的独特作用机制引起了各国研究者的关注，并进行了相关研究．然而抗菌肽的安全性、稳定性、生产成本等问题限制了其生产与应用．为了克服这些不利因素，研究者们对抗菌肽进行了多种方式的改造，产生了模拟型、同源型、杂合型、轭合型、稳定型和固位型等改良型抗菌肽，并有望在畜牧业、食品业、医药业等领域得到广泛的应用．本文主要综述了这些改良型抗菌肽近年来的研究进展．

Research Advances in Modified Antimicrobial Peptides

The emergence of superbug, resistant to every widely used commercial antibiotics, has led to increasing environmental and health risks. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which represent one of most promising substitutes for antibiotics, are earning interests on account of efficiency in fighting against pathogens and difference in action mechanism between AMPs and antibiotics from researchers all over the world. Indeed, early studies showed that AMPs were found extensively in nature, and had high antimicrobial activities and broad antimicrobial spectrum. Unfortunately, prior obstacles were urgently surmounted because of cytotoxicity, stability, and production cost of AMPs. Accordingly, to overcome these disadvantages, contemporary researchers are trying to apply rational methods and advanced technology to develop modified antimicrobial peptides. AMP mimetics, AMP congeners, hybrid AMPs, AMP conjugates, stabilized AMPs and immobilized AMPs have all emerged and have application potentials in husbandry, food and medicine. This review outlines recent advances of these modified antimicrobial peptides.