CCN5 expression in mammals |
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Authors: | Jennifer A Jones Mark R Gray Beatriz Enes Oliveira Manuel Koch John J Castellot Jr |
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Institution: | (1) Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA;(2) Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA;(3) Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal;(4) Center for Biochemistry, Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany |
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Abstract: | The six proteins of the CCN family have important roles in development, angiogenesis, cell motility, proliferation, and other
fundamental cell processes. To date, CCN5 distribution in developing rodents and humans has not been mapped comprehensively.
CCN5 strongly inhibits adult smooth muscle cell proliferation and motility. Its anti-proliferative action predicts that CCN5
would not be present in developing tissues until the proliferation phase of tissue morphogenesis is complete. However, estrogen
induces CCN5 expression in epithelial and smooth muscle cells, suggesting that CCN5 might be widely expressed in embryonic
tissues exposed to high levels of estrogen. 9–16 day murine embryos and fetuses and 3–7 month human fetal tissues were analyzed
by immunohistochemistry. CCN5 was detected in nearly all developing tissues. CCN5 protein expression was initially present
in most tissues, and at later times in development tissue-specific expression differences were observed. CCN5 expression was
particularly strong in vascular tissues, cardiac muscle, bronchioles, myotendinous junctions, and intestinal smooth muscle
and epithelium. CCN5 expression was initially absent in bone cartilaginous forms but was increasingly expressed during bone
endochondral ossification. Widespread CCN5 mRNA expression was detected in GD14.5 mice. Although CCN2 and CCN5 protein expression
patterns in some adult pathologic conditions are inversely expressed, this expression pattern was not found in developing
mouse and human tissues. The widespread expression pattern of CCN5 in most embryonic and fetal tissues suggests a diverse
range of functions for CCN5.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | CCN2 CCN5 CTGF Embryo Expression pattern WISP-2 |
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