生物催化剂发现与改造的研究进展

生物催化是指将酶或生物有机体用于有用的化学转化的过程，在人们对传统化学催化的环境影响抱有忧虑的情况下，生物催化提供了一种有吸引力的选择。在过去的几十年里，对生物催化剂的研究每出现一次大的进步，生物催化的发展就会出现一次高潮。因此，生物催化剂的发现与改造已成为当今研究的热点。宏基因组文库技术的出现克服了许多微生物不可培养的障碍，人们能够从自然资源中获得丰富的潜在的生物催化剂。而基于理性设计的分子改造技术的发展，可以使得人们对潜在的生物催化剂进行快速而有效的改造以满足工业化生产的需求。随着生物催化剂发现与改造的手段不断进步，更多的优良生物催化剂得到了广泛的应用，生物催化在工业生产中也得到了更深入的应用。结合作者的研究工作，总结了生物催化剂发现与改良的一些研究进展，以为获得更多优良的、能够实现工业应用的生物催化剂奠定理论基础。

Recent Trends in Discovery and Protein Engineering of Biocatalysts

Biocatalysis is the process of applying enzymes or biological organisms in useful chemical conversion. In the context of concerns about the environmental aspects of the traditional chemical catalysis, biocatalysis provides an attractive alternative. In the past few decades, with a great progress on the study of biocatalysts, there will relevantly be a development wave on biocatalysis. So, the discovery and protein engineering of biocatalysts are becoming a hotspot in current researches. The emergence of the metagenomic library technology overcomes the barriers that many microorganism can not be cultured, hence more and more potential biocatalysts can be gained from natural resources. Owing to the development of the molecular modification technologies based on the rational design, rapid and efficient protein engineering of potential biocatalysts can be done to meet the need of industrial production. With the progress of the discovery and protein engineering method of biocatalysts, more and more excellent biocatalysts have been widely used, and biocatalysis have further application in the industrial production. The latest progress on the discovery and protein engineering of biocatalysts based on the research work were summarized to provide the theoretical foundation for getting more excellent biocatalysts which can be applied on industrial scale.