l-NAME has Opposite Effects on the Productions of S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine in V12-H-Ras and M-CR3B-Ras Pheochromocytoma Cells

Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing, nonproteinogenic, neurotoxic amino acid biosynthesized during methyl cycles after demethylation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) and subsequent hydrolysis of SAH into homocysteine and adenosine. Formed homocysteine is either catabolized into cystathionine (transsulfuration pathway) by cystathionine β-synthase, or remethylated into methionine (remethylation pathway) by methionine synthase. To demonstrate the specificity of Ras-elicited effects on the activity of methyl cycles, wild-type pheochromocytoma PC12, mutant oncogenic rasH gene (MVR) expressing PC12 pheochromocytoma and normal c-rasH stably transfected M-CR3B cells were incubated with the N^ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), and manumycin, (inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and farnesyltransferase, respectively). We have found that l-NAME significantly changes the SAM/SAH ratio in both MCR and MVR cells. Moreover, these alterations have reciprocal character; in the MCR cells, the SAM/SAH ratio was raised, whereas in the MVR cells this ratio was decreased. We conclude that depletion of endogenous NO with l-NAME increased the production of SAH only in cells with mutated oncogenic RasH, possibly through enhancement of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress can increase cystathionine β-synthase activity that switches methyl cycles from remethylation into transsulfuration pathway to maintain the intracellular glutathione pool (essential for the redox-regulating capacity of cells) via an adaptive process.