| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, 2. The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China;3. Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China;4. Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China;5. Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China;6. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China;7. Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China;8. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, |
| Abstract: | Astrocyte undergoes morphology changes that are closely associated with the signaling communications at synapses. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is specifically expressed in astrocytes and is associated with several important astrocyte functions, but its potential role(s) relating to astrocyte morphological changes remain unknown. Here, primary astrocytes were prepared from neonatal Ndrg2+/+ and Ndrg2−/− pups, and the drug Y27632 was used to induce stellation. We then used a variety of methods to measure the levels of NDRG2, α-Actinin4, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and the activity of RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 in Y27632-treated astrocytes as well as in Ndrg2+/+, Ndrg2−/−, or Ndrg2−/− + lentivirus (restore NDRG2 expression) astrocytes. We also conducted live-imaging and proteomics studies of the cultured astrocytes. We found that induction of astrocytes stellation (characterized by cytoplasmic retraction and process outgrowth) resulted in increased NDRG2 protein expression and Rac1 activity and in reduced α-Actinin4 protein expression and RhoA activity. Ndrg2 deletion induced astrocyte flattening, whereas the restoration of NDRG2 expression induced stellation. Ndrg2 deletion also significantly increased α-Actinin4 protein expression and RhoA activity yet reduced GFAP protein expression and Rac1 activity, and these trends were reversed by restoration of NDRG2 expression. Collectively, our results showed that Ndrg2 deletion promoted cell proliferation, interrupted stellation capability, and extensively altered the protein expression profiles of proteins that function in Rho-GTPase signaling. These findings suggest that NDRG2 functions to regulate astrocytes morphology via altering the accumulation of the Rho-GTPase signaling pathway components, thereby supporting that NDRG2 should be understood as a regulator of synaptic plasticity and thus neuronal communications. |
