Latitudinal variation of life-history traits of an exotic and a native impatiens species in Europe |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway;2. Department of Plant Production, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 22, BE-9090 Melle, Belgium;3. Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium;4. Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden;5. Plant Biodiversity Lab, EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, FR-80037 Amiens Cedex, France;6. Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;7. Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology, FB2, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., DE-28359 Bremen, Germany;8. Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50740-600, Recife, PE, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Rodovia BR 407, Km 12, Lote 543, Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, s/n, ‘‘C1’’, Petrolina, PE CEP 56300-990, Brazil;3. Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Núcleo de Biologia Aplicada, Rod. MG 424 KM 45 - Bairro Esmeraldas, SN, Caixa Postal 285, CEP 35701-970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil;4. Agroscope, Ecotoxicology, Schloss 1, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;1. Estación Forestal INTA-Villa Dolores (EEA Manfredi - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria), Camino Viejo a San José km 1, (5870) Villa Dolores, Pcia, Córdoba, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina;1. Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, PR China;2. Institute of Grassland Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, PR China;3. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7007, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Understanding the responses of invasive and native populations to environmental change is crucial for reliable predictions of invasions in the face of global change. While comparisons of responses across invasive species with different life histories have been performed before, comparing functional traits of congeneric native and invasive species may help to reveal driving factors associated with invasion. Here we compared morphological functional trait patterns of an invasive species (Impatiens parviflora) with its congeneric native species (I. noli-tangere) along an approximately 1600 km European latitudinal gradient from France (49°34′N) to Norway (63°40′N). Soil nitrogen was recorded during six weeks of the growing season, and light, soil moisture, and nutrient availability were estimated for each sampled population using community weighted means of indicator values for co-occurring species. Temperature data were gathered from nearby weather stations.Both the native and invasive species are taller at higher latitudes and this response is strongest in the invasive species. Seed mass and number of seeds per capsule increase in I. noli-tangere but decrease in I. parviflora towards higher latitudes. Surprisingly, plant height in the invasive I. parviflora decreases with increasing soil nitrogen availability. The latitudinal pattern in seed mass is positively related to temperature in I. noli-tangere and negatively in I. parviflora. Leaf area of both species decreases with increasing Ellenberg indicator values for nitrogen and light but increases with increasing soil moisture. Soil nitrogen concentrations and Ellenberg indicator values for nitrogen have significant positive (I. noli-tangere) and negative (I. parviflora) effects on the number of seeds per capsule. Our results show that the native I. noli-tangere has efficient reproduction at its range edge while the invasive I. parviflora shows a marked decrease in seed size and seed number per capsule. These patterns are unrelated to the growth and obtained size of the plants: even low soil nitrogen availability in the north seemed not to limit plant growth and size. Our results suggest that the invasive I. parviflora tends to become more invasive at lower latitudes by producing heavier seeds and more seeds per capsule. |
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| Keywords: | Alien species Climate change Invasive Nitrogen Phenotypic trait variation |
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