Review of metabolic pathways activated in cancer cells as determined through isotopic labeling and network analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, USA;2. Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351604, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, USA;1. Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Departments of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, USA;1. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;2. Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA;3. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;4. Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;1. Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology & Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA;2. Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA |
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| Abstract: | Cancer metabolism has emerged as an indispensable part of contemporary cancer research. During the past 10 years, the use of stable isotopic tracers and network analysis have unveiled a number of metabolic pathways activated in cancer cells. Here, we review such pathways along with the particular tracers and labeling observations that led to the discovery of their rewiring in cancer cells. The list of such pathways comprises the reductive metabolism of glutamine, altered glycolysis, serine and glycine metabolism, mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) induced reprogramming and the onset of acetate metabolism. Additionally, we demonstrate the critical role of isotopic labeling and network analysis in identifying these pathways. The alterations described in this review do not constitute a complete list, and future research using these powerful tools is likely to discover other cancer-related pathways and new metabolic targets for cancer therapy. |
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| Keywords: | Cancer metabolism Isotopic labeling analysis |
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